Study of Anti-Dumping by a Regional Trade Agreement Dissertation

Investigation of Anti-Dumping by a Regional Trade Agreement - Dissertation Example Hostile to dumping approaches are commonly justified on the premise that they are essential for dispensing with hurtful dumping rehearses by exporters and to advance reasonable rivalry in exchange (Davis, 2009). All things being equal, research shows that in spite of the way that the WTO’s hostile to dumping arrangements are proposed to ensure the interests of local makers and to advance reasonable rivalry and exchange, the continuous utilization of the WTO’s Anti-dumping Agreement by some provincial entertainers, for example, the EU, the USA and China exhibits that the WTO’s Anti-Dumping Agreement is abused for superfluous protectionisms and retaliatory measures. Also, Article XXIV of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 permits the production of Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) and in this way along with the Anti-Dumping Agreement fuels the WTO’s changed multilateral world exchange framework and especially its objective of unpredictable exchan ge. This exploration study inspects the utilization of the WTO’s Anti-Dumping approaches in RTAs and exhibits misuse by means of pointless protectionism and retaliatory measures. It is reasoned that the patterns in local exchange understanding enemy of dumping strategies and practices completely exhibit that WTO individuals are allowed to abuse the Anti-Dumping Agreement contained in Article VI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 (GATT) for over the top protectionism, retaliatory measures and for unfair exchange rehearses in opposition to GATT’s non-separation exchange policies.... List of chapters Abstract 3 Table of Contents 3 Chapter One 5 Introduction to the Study 5 I.Background to the Study 5 II.Research Questions 9 III.Aims and Objectives of the Study 10 V.Significance of the Study 11 VI.Research Methods 11 VII.Organization of the Study 12 Chapter Two 12 A Review of the Literature 12 I.Introduction 13 II.RTAs 13 A.Definition 13 B.Typologies of RTAs 14 D.Conclusion 23 III.Conceptualizing Anti-Dumping 24 A.Definitions 24 B.The Advantages and Disadvantages of Anti-Dumping Policies and Measures 26 C.Conclusion 30 IV.The WTO’s International Trade System 31 V.Conclusion 33 Chapter Three 34 Regional Trade Agreements Within the World Organization’s Multilateral System 34 I.Introduction 34 II.Snapshot of the WTO’s Legal Regime Facilitating RTAs in the WTO’s Multilateral Trade System 35 III.The WTO’s Legal Framework for the Formation of RTAS 36 A.Customs Unions 45 B.Free Trade Arrangements 47 VI.Conclusion 49 Chapter Four 49 The W TO’s Anti-Dumping Legal Framework 49 I.Introduction 49 II.Anti-Dumping Under the WTO 50 III.Conclusion 56 Chapter Five 57 Findings/Conclusion 57 Chapter One Introduction to the Study I. Foundation to the Study Dumping happens when items or merchandise are sold on the worldwide market or sent out to a residential market at a relative low value contrasted with like items or products (Raju, 2008). As indicated by the World Trade Organization’s (WTO) General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade(GATT) 1994, dumping alludes to the offer of merchandise and items at a value bring down that its common worth (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994, Article VI). As indicated by GATT (1994: Article VI) the standard estimation of merchandise and items is the cost at which those merchandise and items are

The role of mediation towards conflict resolution (with examples) Essay

The job of intercession towards compromise (with models) - Essay Example The paper tells that in the todays quick pace universe of absolute rivalry, so as to achieve the objectives and targets, group working has become a need. The group or the gathering of individuals progresses in the direction of a shared objective where all the individuals are capable enough to decide, take care of issues, and offer obligations. Be that as it may, when at least one than one individual takes a shot at a specific assignment or action, disparities, conflicting perspectives or struggle is probably going to happen by and large. This is on the grounds that each individual has a place with various foundations as well as have lived assorted and disparate encounters in their lives, and along these lines, it prompts have different and unique observations in any event, when chipping away at a shared objective. In certain circumstances, the contention is ostensible and may cause lesser measure of pressure, be that as it may, in different cases; it may demonstrate to have more terr ible impacts. In this way, the comprehension of the demeanor and nature of the contention is critical, which can prompt the helpful arrangements with regards to how the contention can go under goals in an advantageous way so as to improve the connections that go under its friendship. Studies uncover the way that various causes can add to clashes. Actually, when an individual or a gathering of individuals goes under work to play out a specific errand that is differentiating to their requirements or intrigue, clashes is probably going to happen. Moreover, when the gathering of individuals has selective and autonomous social inclinations as for their shared activities can likewise offer ascent to clashes. Various individuals don't have the capacity or capability to convey adequately and effectively. In this manner, poor relational abilities between individuals are additionally one of the prime reasons that can cause struggle. It has likewise gone under perception that deficient abiliti es and information are additionally one of the basic supporters for making a contention among the individuals (Pahl, Richter & Rohrschneider, pp. 3-10, 2009). This is because of the explanation that if an individual in a gathering of individuals need exceptional abilities or information, the objectives is probably not going to go under execution, which heightens the likelihood of contention. The referenced were not many of the occurrences that can prompt clashes among individuals, in any case, compromise gives different arrangements that can dispose of the contrasts between the individuals and improve or upgrade their bond or connection (Pahl, Richter & Rohrschneider, pp. 3-10, 2009). It has come to see that culture plays a predominant, driving, and touchy job in compromise whether it is on an expert practice or in scholarly field. This can go under well comprehension with the thought that in Western human advancement, individuals as a rule pick and advance open corr espondence among disputants, illuminates their issues and blueprint concessions to a shared premise that meet the head and essential needs of both the gatherings. This implies the contention resolvers make both the gatherings consent to have a success win circumstance where all the individuals under clash get an equivalent palatable situation. A success win circumstance is basic in the non-Western culture too, however the method of settling the contention is to some degree diverse in nature (Avruch, pp. 24-27, 1998). Nonetheless, while taking a gander at the opposite finish of the range

5 Signs Youre Stuck in a Cycle of Debt - OppLoans

5 Signs Youre Stuck in a Cycle of Debt - OppLoans 5 Signs Youre Stuck in a Cycle of Debt 5 Signs Youre Stuck in a Cycle of DebtFeeling like you can’t get ahead on your bills? Living paycheck to paycheck and making minimum payments may confirm you need a new system.The world is filled with many wonderful cycles. Let’s consider some of them, shall we?There’s the bicycle, of course. It’s a good method of transportation that doesn’t add to the carbon emissions in the atmosphere, and it’s a great form of near full-body exercise, as well.The unicycle has all of the same benefits of a bicycle, but it’s much harder to use.If you like being alive, then you must also be a fan of the Krebs cycle, one of the necessary processes for cellular respiration.Unfortunately,   not all cycles are so lovely or good for our health and well-being. For example, you don’t want to find yourself trapped in the dreaded debt cycle. Yes, this is a cycle in which you get behind on your financial obligations and fall further and further into debt. You may not even realize you’re trappe d in the cycle until it’s too late â€" which is why we spoke to the experts.Continue reading to learn the telltale signs of a debt cycle, so you can figure out a way to either avoid or escape one.Sign No. 1: You’re living paycheck to paycheckEven if you’re not loaded down with debt at the moment, if you’re living paycheck to paycheck, then you could be trapped within a debt cycle. One unexpected incident or expense can cause the cycle to rev into full gear.Ryan Luke, personal finance blogger at Arrest Your Debt (@Arrestyourdebt), says a paycheck-to-paycheck lifestyle is one of the most telling signs you are experiencing a debt cycle.   “After the bills come in each month, you have absolutely no money left over,” he says. “In fact, you more than likely needed to put this month’s grocery bill on a credit card with the hope to pay it off next month.”Sign No. 2: You can only make minimum payments each monthMaybe you can still technically pay your bills. But if you’re only paying the minimum requirement, you’re going to be dealing with more and more interest that can quickly bury you, according to Beverly Friedmann, content manager for ReviewingThis (@ReviewingThis).“If youre only making minimum payments on all of your monthly expenses, or having trouble meeting minimum fee requirements, this is a red flag for impending or existing debt,” she says. “Agencies and credit issuers love when you make minimum payments because they tend to collect the highest interest rate fees, so youll end up spending more over a longer period of time.”Sign No. 3: Your debt-to-income ratio is no goodOn the most basic level, the debt cycle occurs because your income is being eclipsed by your obligations.“If your debt to income ratio is more than one-to-one, you’re digging yourself a hole,” says Zachary Siegel of Sprout Lending. And that hole may be difficult to escape. “However, if you work with good people and invest the debt in items that generate a positive return on investment, it isn’t hard to overcome. The richest people leverage debt to accumulate more wealth.”Sign No. 4: You’ve got credit card problemsIf you’re blowing through your credit limits on the regular, that’s not a good sign.“If your credit card balances keep rising, this is definitely a red flag and a sign of a potential cycle of debt on the horizon,” Friedmann warns. “If youve already maxed out one or more credit cards, this is even more problematic and can catalyze a significant financial downswing thats difficult to work your way back out of.” ”Can’t qualify for credit cards at all? That’s not so good either!“If credit card issuers have reason to believe you wont be able to repay borrowed money, youll be rejected for most cards you try to qualify for,” Friedmann says. “This is especially problematic if youre trying to rebuild your credit during a difficult financial period. If youre continually rejected for different credit car ds (other than ones for those with poor credit), this is definitely a sign youre stuck in a cycle of debt.”Sign No 5: You’re not savingIf you don’t have savings, you’re always going to be one financial emergency away from being spun in the dreaded cycle of debt.“If you seem to be spending more than youre making and dont have a stable savings fund, you may be stuck in a poor financial situation and cycle of debt,” Friedmann warns. “Savings for the future are extremely important, especially with a potential economic downturn on the horizon. A lot of us focus on payments for monthly bills and daily spending, but we often forget to save for the futureâ€"especially if we have stable sources of income.”Tips to reverse the debt cycleWhat can you do if you’ve read this article and now realize you might be in a cycle of debt or are at risk for getting stuck in one? Here’s some   advice.Budget, budget, budget. “Try to sit down and budget your monthly expenses so that you can make the highest payments possible for each bill at a rate that you can afford. It will pay off in the long run and you wont find yourself stuck in a cycle of debt,” Friedmann says.Think small to plan big. “To make long-term savings easier, try to start budgeting for the week and month ahead in smaller increments,” Friedmann adds. “You can build a 6-month emergency fund slowly for anything that might come up down the line. This will help you gain a sense of security and climb out of a negative financial cycle at the same time.”Increase your credit card payments (if you have debt). If you have credit card debt, it’s always ideal to pay off the amount owed in full. If that’s not possible, make the highest monthly payments you can afford, Friedmann says. “If you find yourself owing money to one or more credit issuers, start making payments as soon as possible,” she says. “Call the agencies in question to see if there are any financial hardship options or differ ent payment restructuring plans available.”The obvious: spend less. Chad Rixse, Director of Financial Planning at  Forefront Wealth Partners (@forefrontwealthpartners), urges taking a hard look at your spending habits. “Are you spending money out of necessity or is it frivolous? Look for ways you can reduce your monthly living expenses. Move to a cheaper location, eat meals at home, and take public transportation instead of owning a car. If you cant make more money, you can always spend less.”Consider picking up a side hustle. “Drive Uber, do freelance work, or get a part-time job in a restaurant,” Rixse says. “Find ways to make some extra cash so you can put extra towards your debt.”It might not be easy, but we hope you can break the debt cycle, so you can focus on more positive yielding cycles in the future.For more tips on digging your way out of debt, check out these resources below:Your Guide to Escaping a Debt TrapThe Debt Snowball Method Can Help You Get Out of DebtYou’re Stuck in a Cycle of DebtNow What?The Debt Spiral: What is it and How to Escape itVisit OppLoans on  YouTube  |  Facebook  |  Twitter  |  LinkedIN  |  InstagramContributorsBeverly Friedmann  works as a Content Manager for the consumer website  ReviewingThis  (@ReviewingThis)â€"with a background in Sales and Marketing Managementâ€"and is from New York, NY.Ryan Luke is a full-time police officer, but as a personal finance blogger, he has made it his personal mission to provide honest and easy-to-understand personal finance information. During his career, he has seen the devastation left behind by people who mismanage their finances. Due to this, he is dedicated to providing you the most up-to-date information to get out of debt and start building your future.Before joining the  Forefront Wealth Partners (@forefrontwealthpartners) family as the director of financial planning, Chad Rixse spent three years at Wells Fargo Advisors before going on to co-found an independent fin ancial planning firm in Seattle, WA that specialized in working with tech industry employees.  Chad is also a graduate of the College for Financial Planning, where he completed his Chartered Retirement Plans Specialist designation focusing on the design, installation, maintenance and administration of retirement plans.Zachary Siegel is a New York native and has always had a passion for helping others succeed by being transparent and boldly honest about everything. As a business lending expert, Zachary will secure the most suitable financing program for you and guide you on how to grow your business using other people’s money (debt) efficiently.

9 Best Hurricane Tracking Charts

Updated October 15, 2018 Hurricane tracking charts are blank maps used to track the path of a hurricane. When tracking hurricanes, the intensity of the storm is indicated on the path along with any dates/times of landfall. There are several versions of the charts depending upon your needs. (All links will open maps in PDF format.) Atlantic Hurricane Tracking Chart Version 1This version is as official as it gets. Used by forecasters at the National Hurricane Center (NHC), it not only has a view of the full Atlantic basin but of the east coast of Africa, too. With a smaller grid overlay, the path of a hurricane can be plotted with greater precision. Atlantic Hurricane Tracking Chart Version 2This grayscale NOAA chart has a smaller grid and a wider view of the Atlantic and Gulf Coast. Atlantic Hurricane Tracking Chart Version 3This color chart is produced by the American Red Cross and shows the full Atlantic basin. Helpful tips on the dangers of hurricanes are printed on the map and all states, islands, major cities, and beaches are clearly labeled. Atlantic Hurricane Tracking Chart Version 4This black and white chart is one of NOAAs older versions but has small dot marks in a grid for easy plotting. Islands and land structures are labeled. Atlantic Hurricane Tracking Chart Version 5Courtesy of the LSU Agricultural Center, this grayscale chart is unique in that it labels the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, Pacific, and Atlantic waters. One obvious drawback? It only includes a view of the eastern seaboard up to Virginia. (NOTE: The chart is on page 2 of this .pdf file, but the first page contains some very useful evacuation tips and hurricane facts.) Gulf of Mexico Hurricane Tracking Chart Version 1For those wishing to track hurricanes that enter into the Gulf of Mexico, this map provides the perfect solution. A grid overlay and labels of major cities on the Gulf Coast provide an easy way to track the path of some of the most destructive United States hurricanes. Gulf of Mexico Hurricane Tracking Chart Version 2The Boat Owners Association of the United States provides this simple map for tracking Gulf Coast hurricanes. (Its a great kid-friendly version.) The Caribbean Islands are labeled as well as major Gulf Coast cities. Eastern Pacific Hurricane Tracking ChartThis map comes directly from the NOAA NHC. It includes a view of the Hawaiian islands. Hawaii Hurricane Tracking ChartIf youre only interested in plotting hurricanes that venture near the Hawaiian Islands, this is the map for you (courtesy of AccuWeather). Plotting the Path of a Hurricane Now that you have the maps printed, its time to start plottin! For a simple how-to, check out How to Use a Hurricane Tracking Chart.   Edited by Tiffany Means

The Reality Effect By Roland Barthes - 921 Words

A Significant Insignificance At what values should a seemingly pointless description or detail be taken at? When writers so often put so much labor into their works, it is a naive assumption to think a detail is just a part of moving the novel along. Roland Barthes, an esteemed literary critic, elaborates on this conclusion in his essay â€Å"The Reality Effect†, arguing the most superfluous details have a significant impact on the analysis of a piece of literature and that these small details are essential to a modern work of literature .The seemingly insignificant details could be overlooked, however, it is what makes the setting and actions within a work of literature appear to be reality. Among several works of literature, this proves†¦show more content†¦These so called â€Å"superfluous† details can appear anywhere in a novel and are sometimes so mundane that it seems nearly unnoticeable at first. For example, in Ernest Hemingways The Sun Also Rises he clearly shows the repetition of Lady Brett Ashley mentioning she is going to bathe.In a society where it is considered abnormal not to bathe, why would Hemmingway continually have had Brett mention she is going to bathe if it was not an important, though small, detail the audience needed to know to have a deeper understanding of her character. Brett’s mention of bathing so frequently is symbolic of her desire to purify herself from her unorthodox sexual actions. This shows a deep-rooted insecurity in Brett that otherwise would not be seen as clearly. She is seen as a sexual character throughout the novel, and it is understood that she is unhappy in her life, but her guilt with being such a sexual person would not be otherwise distinguished if she did not show her yearning to cleanse herself. It is also this inner conflict that is seen that makes Brett appear to be a more complex and realistic character because she struggles with the actions she wants, and has chosen, and what is deemed acceptable in soci ety. In other cases, a detail might stand out as slightly unusual, but not immediately have its implications seen clearly. In Tuesdays withShow MoreRelatedPhotographic Truth in the Digital Era Essay774 Words   |  4 PagesDan Provisional Working Title: Photographic Truth in the Digital Era Description of the Research Area (this should be no less than 500 words): According to James Brooks, â€Å"the manipulation of meaning to assure an audience would destroy the reality of the work and debase the concept of communication.† The essay will examine how images are used nowadays in media to influence people’s opinions rather than only for artistic purposes. We are constantly surrounded by advertising. The main powerRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article The 3301 Words   |  14 PagesRemoving the Author ââ€"  ââ€"  Architecture as Medium ââ€"  ââ€"  Bibliography ï ¿ ¼Abstract The Authored Object in interested in investigating the contemporary role of the author in architecture. Using linguistic construction as defined by theorists Noam Chomsky and Roland Barthes, this paper traces the various roles of the a​uthor​ ­ m​edium​ ­ v​iewers​have had to each other throughout the 21st century and how the evolving linguistic structures have affected the way viewers interact with objects and assessed meaning. TheRead MoreDebolism, Logos And Symbols In The Film Logorama742 Words   |  3 Pagestheir company. This essay will focus on the complex relationships between signs and further address on why commercial sign is not natural under this capitalism society. When a fictitious virtual symbol totally occupied reality, as the world in this film, the boundary of fiction and reality is merged. 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Modern Agricultural Biotechnology And Its Potential...

Debates over modern agricultural biotechnology and its potential usefulness and effectiveness are often characterized by deeply polarized stances. Proponents, which include industry advocates as well as some scholars, tout the benefits of increased agricultural productivity leading to positive outcomes for poor and small-scale farmers, as well as hunger alleviation - while critics outline potential negative impacts of this technological package, highlighting the polarization of agrarian social structures, concerns over food security, and detrimental environmental effects. Gerardo Otero’s edited volume Food for the Few situates this debate in the context of the developing world, and specifically examines the introduction of agricultural biotechnology to Latin America. The book’s focus is on the social dimensions of biotechnology, and more specifically on examining the complex relationship between modes of agricultural production and rural poverty. Presenting an assessment based on empirical evidence, the authors argue that there are grave indications for the socioeconomic and environmental impacts of this technology in the Latin American context, and that the optimistic predictions put forth by advocates are not only misplaced, but woefully misleading. Otero et al. maintain that while production and productivity are certainly on the rise as a result of this adopted technology, the profits from this shift are not necessarily being distributed in an equitable manner, and areShow MoreRelatedBenefits Of Genetically Modified Foods1203 Words   |  5 Pagestroubled crop growers for years. Their common different uses can reshape the entire agriculture industry. Smaller farms that cannot afford the cost of genetically modified seed are forced out of business bigger more industrial companies. 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Reflection on Indigenous Cultural Awareness- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theReflection on Indigenous Cultural Awareness. Answer: Reflection on ethics D- Description of the Objective Ethics are somewhat concerned to be eclectic in which certain conclusions are drawn. I have lately never been able to put a name on the belief of what ethical system I belong to. However, recently, personal intellectual decision, summon that is used by Church for the people to blindly follow them. At this point of ethical and morality, guidance is even restrained to believe that if you do the right things for other, you will do it for yourself as well (Apatheticagnostic.com 2017). On the contrary, there are four ethical issues that a person faces except the religion ethical summons. Firstly, the decisions faced on utilitarianism followed by personal ethics and values that one has. Thirdly, making a good decision based on the personal ethics and lastly, a part that focuses on corporate social responsibility (Li 2013). I - Interpretation The events that lead to ethical behavior are further questionable. As per the objectives described, ethics has defined our lives on wrong and good doings. When it comes to defining Church summons, as per what I saw and heard, people follow the gods will on their pretext of being fearful of gods decision. However, on the other hand, this situation can be explained by an homosexual example. My friend is homosexual and has done some acts that can be clubbed in the same category but that has been considered sin in the eyes of law, family and even friends. Now when we draw conclusions, we need to choose; if you are choosing your friend then your morality further questioned of the duties you serve on ethical grounds. The learning that can be drawn is that ethical behavior decides whether you or I are a good person or not living in society that is completely not giving you freedom of your actions. This further states that ethics and morality changes with change in people/ Church/ society or a person himself. E - Evaluation As per my experience, moral rights are given to every individual in the socity including me then why not access those rights and define our ethical model, principles or criticism but in a right way. On the whole, my friend who is homosexual had to face a lot of turning heads but believed what he had to and that is how the society functions. However, my experience has even varied because in context of a thief who is a kleptomaniac, his ethical rights cannot be proven because somewhere he knows he is doing wrong and is not justifying of what he is doing. This absolute criticism can disregard the cost of having equal ethics and morality concerns at the same place (Li 2013). P Planning of the Information being useful The plans that describe my further terminology on the subject are quite debating. As a result, this debatable conscious of mine will help in changing my judgment and might lead to in depth assessment and reflection through the courses that will be offered to be later in life. Various programs on ethics and morality are reviewed on daily basis and this may help in aligning the thoughts I process to have on personal improvement. My new knowledge on assessment and reflection on ethics will even support the knowledge of grey knowledge and not the black-and-white documentthat is generally followed under the convention of ethics (Afpnet.org 2017). Reflection on Indigenous Cultural Awareness D- Description of the Objective At the time of researching about the indigenous culture of Australia, I saw and heard that the Indigenous Culture of Australia accompanying Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander the major two aspects of Australian Indigenous Culture (aboriginalculture.com.au 2017). From this analysis, I have gained the insight that the art and technique of living is passed from one generation to another and learnt that people pass their gained knowledge, rituals, arts and various ritual performances to the people of next generation in order to keep their cultural heritage alive. Thus, it can be seen that the culture has a connection with learning of culture since the beginning of the existence of a person (australia.gov.au 2017). I have come to know the major cultural factors are land being fundamental factor living, diversity of location and languages, adaptation of tools and technologies, secret cites, performance of various music, songs, dance and ceremony, visual arts and others. To create awaren ess these factors are considered major fundamentals of the wellbeing (australia.gov.au 2017). I - Interpretation To the people of this culture, land is not only the soil and rocks to them; they consider land as the environment that sustains the people of this culture. For this reason, the land is considered as the core of all relationship and spirituality and that is why land is considered as the most important aspects to the people of Australian Indigenous Culture (aiatsis.gov.au 2017). In this regard, as per my insight, the groups have different language and still, they are able to live together. In this regard, I would like to mention the various aspects of culture from one generation to the next generation with the help of teaching. I have learned from the cultural analysis the people of Australian Indigenous Culture uses different technological tools based on their needs (australianmuseum.net.au 2017). I would like to mention one important fact that ceremonial performances are considered as the heart of the Australian Indigenous Culture based on the activities done as cultural aspects like dance, song, decoration of body sculpture, painting and others. The people of this tribe bring together all people in the group (australianmuseum.net.au 2017). E - Evaluation From the experience of knowing about the Australian Indigenous Culture, I have developed an opinion that Australian Indigenous Culture is the kind of culture where people values cordialness and relationship among humans. For this reason, it can be seen that people from different languages and tribes used to love together as a part of this culture with a mentality of innovation as the people of this culture used different kinds of technologically advanced weapons based on their various needs. They even like various ceremonial performances that are conducted within the people. Thus, I can say is that this particular experience has its own value as this experience has helped me in future evaluation of various aspects of Australian Indigenous Culture. On a whole, I have earned lot of knowledge about Australian Indigenous Culture. P Planning of the Information being useful I must mention that I have gained knowledge about different aspects of Australian Indigenous Culture like their diversity, ritual performance, history, heritage and others. All these gained knowledge will help me in my various course programs in an effective way such that to understand the classes as well as tough lessons in my course program. My future will be enhanced through sufficient basic knowledge about various aspects of Australian Indigenous Culture to start my initial research and to understand the native culture of my country. References Aboriginalculture.com.au. (2017).Aboriginal Culture. [online] Available at: https://www.aboriginalculture.com.au/ [Accessed 3 Sep. 2017]. Afpnet.org. (2017).Ethics Isnt About Judgmentits About Assessment, Reflection and Personal Improvement - Ethics - AFP. [online] Available at: https://www.afpnet.org/Ethics/EthicsArticleDetail.cfm?itemnumber=12601 [Accessed 3 Sep. 2017]. Apatheticagnostic.com. (2017).Reflections on Ethics Morality. [online] Available at: https://apatheticagnostic.com/articles/reflections.html [Accessed 3 Sep. 2017]. Australia.gov.au. (2017).Australian Indigenous cultural heritage | australia.gov.au. [online] Available at: https://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/austn-indigenous-cultural-heritage [Accessed 3 Sep. 2017]. Australia.gov.au. (2017).Indigenous culture and history | australia.gov.au. [online] Available at: https://www.australia.gov.au/information-and-services/culture-and-arts/indigenous-culture-and-history [Accessed 3 Sep. 2017]. Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies. (2017).Indigenous Australians: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. [online] Available at: https://aiatsis.gov.au/explore/articles/indigenous-australians-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-people [Accessed 3 Sep. 2017]. australianmuseum.net.au. (2017).CULTURAL HERITAGE. [online] Available at: https://australianmuseum.net.au/indigenous-australia-cultural-heritage [Accessed 3 Sep. 2017]. australianmuseum.net.au. (2017).INDIGENOUS AUSTRALIANS OVERVIEW. [online] Available at: https://australianmuseum.net.au/indigenous-australia [Accessed 3 Sep. 2017]. Li, X. (2013).Ethics Reflection Paper. [online] sslee8778960. Available at: https://sslee8778960.wordpress.com/2013/02/24/ethics-reflection-paper/ [Accessed 3 Sep. 2017].

Jump Ship To Freedom Essays - , Term Papers

Jump Ship To Freedom This book was about slavery and Arabus who wanted to be free and not have to answer to his slave master Ivers who treated him like dirt. It is hard to compare Arabus and me because there is not much in common between us. One thing we have in common is that we both believe that African Americans should not be discriminated apart from white people. Something that we don't have in common is that his father is dead and mine is not. We both have determination. Arabus was trying to become free by stealing his Fathers soldiers notes and then sailing with Ivers all the way to New York and then jumping off and swimming away from Ivers so he could find his fathers old friend and trading in his dads notes for money and then he could by his freedom and then buy his mothers freedom. I have never had to fight for my freedom but I think I would have the determination to fight for my freedom. We can both swim well. He proves he is a good swimmer when he jumps off the ship and swims away to get to New York. I have never proved I'm a good swimmer by swimming away. People know I can swim well because they have seen me swim at the pool. I don't think that I could swim away for as long as he did. The last thing that I will compare is the fact that he lost his dad when he was really young and I still have mine. His dad was a soldier that was fight and his ship sunk and was African American . My dad is not a soldier and he is not There are differences but I think we could be friends if we were the same age because we have the same morals. What we don't have in common are little things that don't matter as much.

Jurrasic Park essays

Jurrasic Park essays Jurassic Park takes place on an Island off the Coast of Costa Rica which is owned by a multimillionaire, John Hammond. On this island he has set up a genetical engineering facility which permits him and his scientist to create dinosaur from blood extracted from prehistoric mosquitos, that have been preserved in amber. Before he opens this living attraction to the public he needs specialist to approve the park. He brings them to the island and begins to show them what he has accomplished. While they are touring the island one of the computer programmers, Dennis Nedry, is secretly planning to steal dinosaur embryos from the park and sell them to a company that is trying to compete with Hammond. The only way Nedry can obtain these embryos is to immobilize the park by interrupting the parks normal function, so that he could sneak in and steal the embryos. This all takes place while the visitors are out in the park touring, and in the mist of a terrible storm. After Nedry has executed a virus in order to steal the embryos the storm hits, and the park power goes out. As the power goes out the visitors to the island are stuck in the middle of nowhere, with an escaped T-Rex. Everyone flees and is scattered through the park. The animals begin attacking the control building, while they are search for food. Since all the power is out there is no way to stop them, or containing them. In the hysteria a scientist , Wu, discovers that the dinosaurs have been mating, which they thought wasn't possible, because they were only cloning females, but the dinosaurs have adapted and have found a way to reproduce. They think they got the power back on so they try to put all the animals back in their holding areas. Little did they know that the whole time the park was running on auxiliary power, and once this power ran out they could not restore the main power. When all the power finally ran out the ...

Persuasive speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Persuasive speech - Essay Example The laws should be such that they should reflect the expectations and aspirations of the people. In a democratic society, laws reflect as to what people want and expect from the state. A poll conducted in March 2013 showed that a majority of the Americans do favor tougher gun control laws like barring people from purchasing automatic and assault weapons and conducting a background check on people buying arms (White, 2013). Hence, it goes without saying that the present statutory position that allows people to readily buy automatic and assault weapons is averse to the actual wishes of the people. The state and federal governments could not abjectly ignore the wishes of a majority section of the society. Without pointing to any specific incident, it is a matter of common knowledge that massive public shootings in the recent times have shocked the conscience of the masses. These shootings led to the death of many innocent and unsuspecting citizens in a ruthless and shocking manner. It was primarily owing to the lax gun laws that the perpetrators responsible for these shootings were able to purchase sophisticated weapons, which they later used to kill unarmed and defense less civilians. Hence, the natural premise that supports the tougher gun control laws is that they will certainly lead to a decline in, if not a stopping of the instances of mass shootings and will better the law and order situation. The detractors of the tougher gun control laws put forward the argument that if the laws governing the purchase of weapons are made stringent and strict, it will curtail their democratic right to bear arms and will prevent them from easily purchasing weapons, as and when they require. They believe that there should be no restraining mechanism that should prevent people from buying any weapons they feel like buying. However, the truth is that such logic is totally

Preventing Residential Burglaries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Preventing Residential Burglaries - Essay Example In this regard, the locks should be firmly fixed into the wood and not in the light doorjamb. The home will be more save when the lock bolts and screws are long (Bennett & Durie 1999, p. 124). In addition, a wide-angle peephole should be installed in front of the door. This will allow the owner to peep outside easily without opening the door. The peepholes are less expensive and easy to install. They are also better than the chain latches, which can be easily forced to make it loose. It is imperative that the best locks are worthless if not locked. The doors should be locked even if one is away for minutes. Burglars use the shortest time possible to enter into the house. This is when the residents have gone to the neighbors or mowing the lawn on a quick errand (Gillham, 2011, p. 39). The residents should be aware of their residential areas and even call the police if there is anything suspicious. Police should be alerted where there are people loitering around, strange cars in the compound, and movement inside an empty house. The neighbors are valuable more than police in detecting the strangers who are not residents of the plot, or a certain home. Residents should be witnesses they can be and try to get safe descriptions. Residents should not open doors to people who do not have any business inside. This is because burglars knock the doors to find if there is anyone inside the house. It is important that families discuss their safety especially with their children. In this regard, children should be advised not give any information of whoever is in the house, or even open the doors to strangers. They should ask them to introduce themselves so that they cannot keep away genuine visitors (Gillham, 2011, p. 33). Mark and operation identification should be used to mark items, this will help much as the burglars do not like sticking on marked properties. In addition, inventory on the property should be used to help on

Modules Speeches Essay Example for Free

Modules Speeches Essay Speeches are consciously designed to present particular ideas or values which seep into the audience’s consciousness and stay there’. Discuss the viewpoint in relation to the speakers’ exploration of humanitarian issues. The power of a dynamic and memorable speech lies both in the messages conveyed as well as the craftsmanship, which is consciously designed to present particular ideas and values. When the two combine to create a speech of power and resonance, as well as achieving textual integrity, the impacts are long felt within the audience’s consciousness, and are able to transcend time, echoing context and values. Former Australian Prime Minister Paul Keating’s speech, ‘Funeral Service for an Unknown Australian Soldier’, Margaret Atwood’s ‘Spotty Handed Villainesses’ and Faith Bandler’s ‘Faith, Hope and Reconciliation’ each present particular ideas and values through their exploration of humanitarian issues. Consequently, these values and ideas each seep into the audience’s consciousness and develop a successful and memorable speech. Paul Keating’s transcendental eulogy addressed to the nation on the occasion of the historical 75th anniversary of Armistice Day in 1993 still echoes the notion of an Unknown Soldier today. Keating’s use of rhythmic flow and the powerful repetition of the recurring motif â€Å"we do not know† throughout the simple, yet effective speech, makes this a speech not to be forgotten. Harsh images of leather, metal and battlefield carnage are created through the repetition of ‘military’, which juxtapose universal feelings of joy and grief, with the sadness and regret that no one will ever truly know the identity of the Unknown Soldier. Through the anonymity of the Unknown Soldier, Keating identifies all soldiers and civilians lost during or because of the war. The use of objective, factual war statistics impresses upon the audience the monumental loss that this Unknown Soldier represented: â€Å"One of the 45,000 Australians who died on the Western Front†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Contrastingly, emotional and subjective lexicon is used throughout Keating’s eulogy, as the audience is unified by the employment of inclusive pronouns such as â€Å"all of us†, â€Å"our† and â€Å"we†, emphasizing the idea that the audience is a part of the nation. Battlefield carnage is depicted through the use of the rhetoric â€Å"the great war was a mad, brutal, awful struggle†, as well as incremental adjectives emphasizing the context and tone of the speech. Keating adapts a blend of both informal and formal terminology in order to sustain a broad audience and create a culturally inclusive atmosphere, which additionally increases the transcendental resonance throughout a larger audience, as made evident within the line â€Å"He is all of them. And he is one of us. † Through the inclusive statement â€Å"there is faith enough for all of us†, links are drawn between the â€Å"men and women†, as well as the understanding of the past to those of both a modern and future audience, and the unification of modern Australians to the concept of war, sacrifice and serving of one’s country in which the Unknown Soldier impresses. Through the sincerity portrayed within the ideas and values, and the use of statistics and rhetoric devices, Keating creates an everlasting, patriotic impression as well as his exploration of humanitarian issues and Australian mate ship throughout the speech ‘Funeral Service for an Unknown Australian Soldier’, which contributes to the resonance held within the audience’s consciousness. Drawing connections from ‘Funeral Service for an Unknown Australian Soldier’, Faith Bandler shares Keating’s emotional sincerity, as evident within her speech â€Å"Faith, Hope and Reconciliation†, addressed to a broad audience at the Talkin’ Up Reconciliation Convention within 1999. The speech centres upon the persisting flaws that prevent the Aboriginal people and white Australian nation from reconciling, and ultimately focuses on advancing towards the reconciliation of Aboriginal and white Australians. Aboriginal activist Faith Bandler engages her audience through a variety of techniques, such as her use of inclusive and personal pronouns, such as â€Å"I†, â€Å"we†, and â€Å"us†, made evident throughout the speech. She focuses fundamentally upon the values and ideas of â€Å"Faith, Hope and Reconciliation† throughout the speech, starting with her title, which draws allusions to both a pun played upon her name and to the biblical religious connotation of â€Å"faith, hope and charity†. Through this allusion, Bandler emphasizes the importance of reconciliation, as well as uniting the audience under a religious context. Bandler effectively creates longevity within her speech by drawing upon her own personal experiences, as shown in the line â€Å"My learning was rather hard and slow†, and calls for reconciliation through first person, as well as effectively establishing inclusivity and making her plea distinctively powerful. Through the use of emotive language such as â€Å"ugliness† and â€Å"terrible indignities†, and repetition throughout the speech, Bandler further reinforces her own personal connection to the speech, as evident within the line â€Å"a little sadness†¦terrible utterances†¦terrible tragedy† alluding to her own reconciliation experiences, which further creates resonance within her audience. Bandler reinforces the hardships faced by the Aboriginal Australians during the White settlement through the metaphor â€Å"those ramparts of the rugged past†, as well as the accumulation and the use of verbs throughout the speech. Through the use of a multitude of techniques, Faith Bandler’s effectively simple speech transcends time and civilization barriers by creating resonance within her audience through her powerful plea of reconciliation and her will to change Australia. Canadian novelist Margaret Atwood’s â€Å"Spotty Handed Villainesses† is a speech drenched in the language, ideas and values of the intelligentsia. Addressed in 1994, the speech is rich with high order language, and comprises a multitude of literary allusions as well as philosophical and feminist concepts, in order to appeal to her audience of academic women. Atwood’s speech focuses fundamentally on the core thematic concern based on the principle that writers and readers must not be constrained by the limitations imposed by the ideology of women in narrative form as mothers and nurturers. Emphasizing this, Atwood strays from the ideal female figure within literature and alludes to the murderesses displayed, particularly the complex Lady Macbeth, to whom the title refers. The opening of the speech skillfully engages the audience through Atwood’s humorous use of children’s nursery rhyme, which supports the ideas and purposes presented within the speech, as well as disarming and amusing the audience. Not all women are good. Atwood further creates satirical intrigue through a reference to her title, alluding to the idea that the speech may â€Å"refer to age spots†, or â€Å"that once-forbidden but now red-hot topic, The Menopause†. Spotty Handed Villainesses† ultimately maintains relevance throughout time through allusions to both high and lowbrow literature. Throughout the speech, Atwood challenges authors and readers to not be limited by the ideological approach of female characters. She describes restricting ideologies as ‘intolerable’ and ‘restricted’, her speech at this point both intellectual and colloquial, carefully constructing a resonance within the audience’s consciousness. Through the craftsmanship and design of a speech, as well as the exploration of humanitarian issues, particular ideas and values are presented which seep into the audience’s consciousness and stay there, as displayed through the study of Paul Keating’s speech â€Å"Funeral Service for an Unknown Australian Soldier†, Margaret Atwood’s â€Å"Spotty Handed Villainesses† and Faith Bandler’s â€Å"Faith, Hope and Reconciliation†.

desegregation historiography Essay -- essays research papers fc

Equality and equal opportunity are two terms that have changed or have been redefined over the last 100 years in America. The fathers of our constitution wanted to establish justice and secure liberty for the people of the United States. They wrote about freedom and equality for men, but historically it has not been practiced. In the twentieth century large steps have been made to make the United States practice the ideals declared in the Constitution and Bill of Rights. The major changes following Rosa Park’s refusal to give up her bus seat to a young white man and the Brown v. Board of Education trial in 1954. These Supreme Court rulings altered American society and began the desegregation and integration movements. In the 1950’s many writers took interest in writing about segregation, desegregation, integration and black history in general. Many historians write about segregation still existing today and the problems in which integration never had the chance to corr ect. Many works about desegregation were written in the years to follow, was it a good idea and would it last? Murray Friedman, Roger Meltzer and Charles Miller put a collection of essays together in the mid 70’s discussing integration and the many different views pertaining to desegregation in its first fifteen years. Major changes have taken place in American lives that have not been fully absorbed in our thinking that cause confusion and bitterness. The authors agree that the original goal of civil rights forces was the dismantling of school systems segregated under law, despite the strong resistance, was successful in some places. Pennsylvania is one state that issued programs to integrate schools that were successful. Another topic addressed in New Perspectives on School Integration is the study of ethnic groups in schools. At the time programs only study the present or dominant ethnic group at a specific school. It changes from school to school rather than teaching ethnicitie s of many different American groups. The goal in teaching American ethnic culture should include a wide range of content. If schools were to teach all ethnicities to every child, no matter their race, it would benefit and prepare students whom will be entering an integrated society instead of a desegregated society. Desegregation effects on the achievements of black and white students show improvement. James Coleman ... ...States was founded on principles of equality, liberty and the right to exercise them freely. In the Constitution the ideals of the American Creed have thus become the highest law of the land. Kozol also describes the American Dilemma and brings it to life for his readers. The values of the American Creed have historically not extended on a equal basis. The fallacy lies in the ideals of American foundations, if Americans would live up to the lofty ideals, then the race problem in the United States would disappear. Segregating still does exist today and will keep living until we are able to go into cities and change their education program and make funding and instruction equal. Bibliography Friedman, M., R. Meltzer, C. Miller. New Perspectives on School Integration. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1979 Harris, Ian M. Criteria for Evaluating School Desegregation in Milwaukee. The Journal of Negro Education, Vol.52, No.4 (Autumn, 1983), 423-435. Kozol, Jonathan. Savage Inequalities: Children in America’s Schools. New York, New York: Crown Publishers Inc., 1992. Samuels, Albert L., Black Colleges and the Challenge to Desegregation. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas, 2004.

Chinese philosophy Essay

. Introduction A. Thesis There are so many different philosophies and religions, and they greatly influence people’s life. In this paper, I am going to introduce and define the representatives of the Western philosophy such as Plato’s metaphysical Dualism and Chinese philosophy like Daoism. And I am going to compare these philosophies and explain the difference between them. ?. Dualism A. Explain Plato’s metaphysical Dualism Plato’s Dualism divided the reality into two different realms of existence (World of the Senses and World of the Forms). One world (the physical world) is constantly changing, and another world (the world of the Forms) is unchanging. Plato further divided these two different realms of existence. The world of Forms can be divided into the higher world (realm of the form) and the lower world (the Empirical world). The world of senses can be divided into physical objects (ordinary objects we perceive) and images (shadows, reflections and pictures). B. Summary of Allegory of Cave Plato explained his metaphysical dualism by using the Allegory of a cave. According to Marc Cohen: In the allegory, Plato likens people untutored in the Theory of Forms to prisoners chained in a cave, unable to turn their heads. All they can see is the wall of the cave. Behind them burns a fire. Between the fire and the prisoners there is a parapet, along which puppeteers can walk. The puppeteers, who are behind the prisoners, hold up puppets that cast shadows on the wall of the cave. The prisoners are unable to see these puppets, the real objects that pass behind them. What the prisoners see and hear are shadows and echoes cast by objects that they do not see. However, one day one of them is released from what keeps them the guy sitting, and they look back. At that time, the guy realizes that there are objects and the fire behind people and someone moves the objects. The shadow people have seen is a fake. People who are still sitting have never seen the objects behind them, so they believe that the shadow is real. The guy is free to move, so he starts to run to the exit of the cave. After getting out of the cave, the guy feels dizzy because the world out of the cave is too shiny. After a while, his eyes got used to the brightness and the beautiful world like the mountain, the sky, the river, or the sun is in the eyes of the guy. And then he realizes that the world out of the cave is real. He goes back to the cave and tells people who are still sitting in the cave what he saw out of the cave. However, they do not believe that what the guy told is the truth. C. Interpretation of the Allegory By using this Allegory, we can think about today’s world. There are too much in formation in the world, and the world seems to be narrower than before. Especially the appearance of mass media like newspaper, television, magazine, Internet, or SNS changed how we deal with information. Too much information is created and flows every day, and we can get the information you need any time by the device like a smart phone, a PC or a tablet. However, is the information you can get really the reality? The information created by mass media might be like the shadow in a cave. Before I was born, there was already too much information. I learned much information like Japanese history in a school, and I also know the new information of the incidence that occurs every day at the same time through mass media. So I learned most of things that occurred around the world through the information created by mass media, and the information is like a shadow in Allegory of a Cave. Suppose that an internal warfare is happening in one country. We know about that through mass media. We might see suffers in a TV or in a photo. We feel like understand everything about the war through the picture on TV or words of the News, but that is not a whole thing but just part of that. We need to seek the reality by my own eyes today’s world. ?. Plato’s Legacy According to Philip, â€Å"Plato thought that the soul could and would exist apart from the body and would exist after the death of the body. He offered a â€Å"proof† for this position and was the first to do so in writing that we have any evidence of doing so. He offered several different proofs or arguments none of which are convincing today†. His argument was that humans were composed of bodies and souls, but soul was more important and immortal. His arguments used premises that are questionable today. For example, Plato thought he could conclude that the soul could exist separating from the body because it worked independently from the body when it engaged in pure thought. But today, it is proved that how we think depends on the physical brain works. So this is no longer accepted as true. Plato thought that they are remembering the knowledge implanted in their souls when the souls were in the realm of pure thought and eternal forms before entering into the body after which they forgot as they became confused by physical emotions and feelings and limited experiences through the senses. And that is the only way to explain how people come to know. This is no longer accepted as the best explanation of how people come to have knowledge. However, Plato is credited with being the first human to attempt to set out any sort of a proof that humans had souls and that they survived the death of the body and that they were immortal. A. Descartes-Substance Dualism According to Philip, â€Å"Descartes also believed that the soul existed prior to and separate from the body, and it was immortal. In his view, all of reality consisted of two very different substances: matter or the physical and spirit or the non-physical. † The physical was what would be extended in time and space and the non-physical would not be characterized. He thought that his famous claim that â€Å"I think therefore I am† established not just that he existed but that he existed without a body as a â€Å"thinking thing†. A â€Å"thinking thing† is a thing that thinks and by that would be included: imagining, conceiving, hoping, dreaming, desiring, fearing, conjecturing, reasoning, remembering and more. For him a â€Å"thinking thing† needed no physical parts to do what it does. Modern science has established that there is no evidence of humans that are without a physical body and its brain. There is no evidence that thought is possible without a brain. There is much evidence that what has been associated with Descartes’ â€Å"thinking thing† is now explained solely in term of the brain and how the brain is physically structured and the functioning of the brain. B. Aquinas According to the text, â€Å"Saint Thomas Aquinas is the philosopher who explained five ways to demonstrate the existence of the God within the framework of a posteriori (the knowledge comes from, or after the experience) and developed cosmological and teleological arguments. † I am going to explain one of the demonstrations. The way is from the nature of efficient cause. In the world of sensible things, there is an order of efficient causes. It never happens that the thing is the efficient cause of itself. If you look at one phenomenon, you can see many efficient causes behind it. But you cannot go back to infinity. There must be the first efficient cause. Aquinas claims that that is the God. The Aquinas’ claim is similar to Plato’s claim. He thought the God is the first efficient cause and independent one. That is close to the concept â€Å"the realm of the form† Plato claimed. And the things in the world of sensible things are the secondary things of the God. It is close to â€Å"the Empirical world† Plato claimed. ?. Chinese Natural Cosmology A. Ames `Image of Reason in Chinese Culture† Ames claims the difference between the dominant conceptions of reality in the West and in the Chinese tradition in his â€Å"image of Reason in Chinese Culture†. According to the text, Ames claims that â€Å"to explore the Chinese philosophy, he thought you needed to recognize at least that you are dealing with a fundamentally different world if you are familiar with Western culture. To bring into relief certain features of the dominant Indo-European view and Chinese alternative to it, he constructs a â€Å"logical sense of order with an â€Å"aesthetic† order. † What we call â€Å"logical† sense of order has developed Western philosophical and religious orthodoxy, and it is based on the presumption that there is something permanent, perfect, objective, and universal that disciplines the world of charge and guarantees natural and moral order-some originative and determinative arche, an eternal realm of Platonic edios or â€Å"ideas†, the One True God of the Judeo-Christian universe, a transcendental strongbox of invariable principles or laws, an annalistic method for discerning clear and distinct ideas. In a single-order world, the One God is the initial beginning of the universe. The God is primal and unchanging principle that causes and explains that origin and issues everything from itself, and that is familiar and presupposition in Western tradition. Although the world is explained by â€Å"logical† order in Western tradition, however, there is no â€Å"logical† order in Chinese philosophy. The order of Chinese tradition is immanent in and inseparable from a spontaneously changing world. The universe possesses within itself its organizational principles and its own creative energy. In the view of Chinese tradition, the world creates itself. That is scandalous from the view point of Western scholar reason. The yin and the yan come together and guide the infinite combination of these two opposite source of energy. These two sources of energy make a spontaneous intelligence possible. Yin and yan as the characterization of a particular relationship invariably entail a perception from some particular perspective that enables us to unravel patterns of relatedness and interpret our circumstances. They provide a vocabulary for sorting out the relationship among things as they come together and constitute themselves in unique compositions. Ames also mentions the Chinese word â€Å"li†. In both classical Chinese corpus and modern language, the closest term that approximates â€Å"reason† or â€Å"principle†. He claims that identifying the meaning of the word â€Å"li† correctly is essential to understand Chinese philosophy. According to the text, â€Å"Philosophically, the most familiar uses of li lie somewhere in the cluster â€Å"reasoning† or â€Å"rationale† (A. S. Cua), â€Å"principle† (W.T. Chan), â€Å"organism† (J. Needham), and â€Å"coherence† (W. Peterson). † Among these several alternative translations used for â€Å"li†, although philosophically as protean as â€Å"principle† for Western tradition, unwarrantedly restrict li to a notion of human consciousness and tend to introduce distinction such as animate and inanimate, agency and act, intelligible and sensible. Li is much different from being some independent and immutable originative principle that disciplines a recalcitrant world. It is the fabric of order immanent in the dynamic process of experience. That is why â€Å"psychology† is translated in to Chinese as â€Å"the li of the heart-and-mind,† but then â€Å"physics† is â€Å"the study of the li of things and events. † What separates li rather clearly from Western common understanding of â€Å"principle† is that li is both a unity and a multiplicity. Li is the coherence of any â€Å"member of a set, all members of a set, or the set as a whole. † Both the uniqueness of each particular and the continuities that obtain among them are reflected by this description. Li then is the defining character or ethos of a given community, or any other such composition. Ames also claims another point at which li departs from â€Å"principle. † In Western tradition, the discovery of originative and determinative principle gives us a schema for classifying things and subsuming one thing under another. That is why people seek â€Å"principle† in Western tradition. However, the investigation of li, by contrast, is to seek out patterns that relate things, and to discover resonances between things that make correlations and categorization possible. B. Hans-Gorg Moeller In Daodejing, the meaning of â€Å"the root† is described by using metaphor. From the view of the Daoist, our world is a â€Å"self-generating† process. In Daoism there is no initial beginning for â€Å"logical† order. In Daoism, order is immanent in and inseparable from a spontaneously changing world, and then â€Å"the world creates itself. † In this point of view, the role of â€Å"the root† is very important. â€Å"The root† is an origin of phenomenon, and many things are derived from â€Å"the root. † Unlike many Western philosophical perspectives, this â€Å"root† has a somewhat unique, interesting, and different meaning in it. The Western philosophy’s principle or arche is the first cause of the event. And nothing would exist if there were not any of the Western philosophy’s principle or arche. However, the concept of â€Å"the root† is different of that. From the Daoist perspective, â€Å"the root† is a part of the plant. â€Å"The root† does not exist before the plant although plant cannot exist if there is no â€Å"the root. † That is, â€Å"the root† itself is not a creator of the plant. It is the origin of the growth of the plant. â€Å"The root† is buried in the soil or ground, so it is invisible. However, â€Å"the root† greatly influences its visible part. This illustrates Daoist’s â€Å"autopoiesis,† self-generating concept well, which differs a lot from the Western philosophical concept â€Å"arche,† which is stated or recognized as â€Å"the God. † ?. Comparative Epistemology A. Hellenistic-Prescriptive theoretical knowledge In Western tradition, most of philosophers think there is one principle or one God and things happen from it. And the mind is separable part from the body. One of the examples is Plato. Plato’s dualism is that there are the realm of form and the imperial world. The body belongs to the imperial world and the world is constantly changing. And what we sense by the body is limited, and the Empirical world is not real. The true world is the realm of the form, and the mind belongs to the world. Plato argues that the â€Å"knowledge† continuously exists and must be justified conviction. However, the Empirical world that we belong to is contentiously changing, and there is no unchanging thing in the world. That is why there is no thing from which we can get â€Å"knowledge† in the Empirical world, so we cannot get â€Å"knowledge† by our own senses. The unchanging things exist in the realm of the form, and we cannot reach the world by using our senses. So we need to use our mind to get â€Å"knowledge†. Not all of Western philosophers claim like that, but most of philosophers claim that the truth does not exist in the world where we live today. This concept greatly influences Christianity or other religions that have the one God. In Christianity, there is one God named â€Å"Jesus Christ†, and he is the reason why things happen or why we live. People pray to seek â€Å"knowledge† that exists in the world where we are not living. That is, we cannot get the â€Å"knowledge† about it in the world where we are living, and we need to get it from the other world to know the essence of the things. B. Chinese philosophy-Prescriptive practical On the other hand, there is no the one God in Chinese philosophy. In China, the war occurred constantly, and Chinese dynasty changed over time, so people did not come to rely on one thing. This influenced the Chinese philosopher. Instead of one god or one principle, Chinese philosophers think that the world creates itself and that the world is constituted by the combination of determinacy and indeterminacy, and spontaneous, dynamic changing is the universal principle of the world. In Western tradition, the philosophers try to attribute many phenomenons to the one reason. However, Chinese philosophers think that each thing is â€Å"self-so† creativity, self-generating, and spontaneous. For Chinese philosophy, the Nature is very important, and in Daoism it is important not to try to force thing. That is why there is the concepts in Daoism; wu wei(without intentional action), wu si(without deliberate thought), wu si(without selfish interesting), wu ji(without self-awareness), wu zhi(without knowledge), wu xin(without heart-and-mind). Daoists claim that when you are thinking something, the world is also changing at the same time, so you are missing something. That is why it is important for Daoism to stop thinking by your head, get out of the world of your head, look around the world, and take action. The most important thing for Daoism is that we ought to take action as a part of the world. ?. Conclusion There have been so many philosophers through the history, and each of philosophy has been developed around the world. And how people think about the world is different, depending on the philosophy. Of many philosophies, the significant different philosophies are the Western and Chinese philosophy. In the Western philosophy, the philosophers try to attribute everything to the one principle or the one God. On the other hand, there is no principle, and the philosophers have recognized the world as self-generating process, and the world is the source of itself without no exact start and end point. This thought influences religion and how people think about the world. Around the world, many wars related to religion occur today. The difference between the religions is just what ancient people developed, so it is important to try to understand the difference in today’s world. Reference. Pecorino, Philip, Ph. D. â€Å"Chapter 6 : The Mind-Body Problem Section 3: DUALISM. † Introduction To Philosophy an Online Textbook. Queensborough Community College, CUNY, n. d. Web. 4 Dec 2013. . Deutsch, Eliot. Introduction to World Philosophies. 1st ed. 509. New Jersey: A Pearson Education Company, 1997. Ex-255-256. Print. Deutsch, Eliot. Introduction to World Philosophies. 1st ed. 509. New Jersey: A Pearson Education Company, 1997. Ex-469. Print. Cohen, Marc. â€Å"The Allegory of the Cave. † Philosophy 320 History of Ancient Philosophy. University of Washington, 07 11 2013. Web. 4 Dec 2013. .

The Purpose Of Violence In Video Games - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 796 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? Studies indicate that video games are one of the prime factors contributing to addiction and aggression. Yet numerous studies have found that video games dont contribute to these problems. Moreover, several groups have claimed that there are few if any methodically proven studies to support these reports, and that the video game industry has become an easy target for the media to be accountable for many contemporary problems. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Purpose Of Violence In Video Games" essay for you Create order Also, many researchers have proposed possible positive effects of video games on parts of communal and mental development and psychological well-being. It has been presented that action video game players have far better hand and eye coordination and visual and motor skills, such as their resistance to distraction and their sensitivity to information in the outlying vision and also their ability to count briefly presented objects than non-players. Purpose of violence in video games I believe that today our media reflects us as a culture. Besides that it also helps form that culture in turn. Humanity embraces violence, as shown by thousands and thousands of years of history. We desire peace while formulating war. Its a very human contrast. Why, then, wouldnt our most popular pastime involve the same clash? We want innovation; nevertheless we still seek out the experiential violence that we hanker as a species. I also believe that its far better to allow ourselves to shoot each other online in simulated virtual worlds than do so in real life. As I have explored video gaming as a cultural occurrence, Ive found that every players experience of games is completely different. My own non-violent trends color my responsiveness of games that are explicit in their subjects of war and violence and cruelty. I am not stating that i dont see the significance in such games, particularly when takingÂÂ  into account the existing modern culture. What has been an excellent instrument to exhibit how societies view and express themselves are written media, films and novels which expresses war, death , life and what it worth to be a human. I feel Video games are no different. They are reaching to a certain critical mass, in terms of technological ability and thematic scope that, I believe, will compete with the range and impact of film and books in a very short span of time. Hopefully, videogames mature into their full potential as a media and they begin to take on other themes and topics such as Love, and family, and working together i n society as much a part of being a human as war and violence. Problem Statement Purpose of Dissertation I am writing this dissertation to display how video games have matured, switching from the days of gentleÂÂ  Pac-ManÂÂ  clones to the gritty, sleazy underworlds ofÂÂ  Grand Theft Auto. Through this transformation, they have found critics and supporters. Though this may all seem recent, its a debate that has been boiling for years. Research Questions: What is the role of video games in the media world? With what can we evaluate the violence exposure and aggression? How is the attitude of viewers and players changing their values and behavior? What ways can help the field of gaming to be free of negative impact? Is there a significant evidence that exposure to media violence is a risk factor for aggressive and violent behavior? What is the conclusion of the issue of violence in relation to videogames? What effect does the violence in video games have on the users? What percentage of violence is accredited to video games? Methodology Contents About On Existing Information Practical Approach About This dissertations main object is to show the impact of violence in video games on todays culture and consumer preferences. The document will show both the negative and positive effects of violence in video games. On Existing Information It is made sure that all the information gathered through various electronic and traditional media are as current as possible. For this dissertation Ive used Google as my prime source material, while supplementing this thesis are various news websites like CNN.com, NYtimes.com and various relevant print media. Further more I would be researching books on video game violence and collect data from the already existing surveys and studies. Practical Approach My approach would be to show how violence in videogames shape the psychological behavior of the consumer and show what are the positive and negative effects of too much violence and graphic themes in modern day video games. I would be conducting various surveys and research on ground level, and based on most current controversial events that have occurred in the world of video games. Based on the demography of the recipient I would be taking some surveys that would have ask them their preferences and inclination towards graphic violence, nudity, gore etc.